| MDL | - |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 468.55 |
| Molecular Formula | C28H28N4O3 |
| SMILES | O=C1NC(C(C2=CN(C3=CC=CC=C32)CCO[C@H](CN(C)C)CC4)=C1C5=CN4C6=CC=CC=C56)=O |
|
PKC-βI 4.7 nM (IC 50 ) |
PKC-βII 5.9 nM (IC 50 ) |
PKCη 52 nM (IC 50 ) |
PKCδ 250 nM (IC 50 ) |
PKCγ 300 nM (IC 50 ) |
PKCα 360 nM (IC 50 ) |
PKCε 600 nM (IC 50 ) |
Ruboxistaurin is a selective and ATP-competitive PKCβ inhibitor, with IC 50 s of 4.7 and 5.9 nM for PKCβI and PKCβII, shows less potent inhibition on PKCη (IC 50 , 52 nM), PKCα (IC 50 , 360 nM), PKCγ (IC 50 , 300 nM), PKCδ (IC 50 , 250 nM), and has no effect on PKCζ (IC 50 , >100 μM) [1] . Ruboxistaurin (10 and 400 nM) dramatically inhibits glucose-induced monocyte adherence to levels that are not different from baseline adherence of monocytes to endothelial cells under NG conditions. Ruboxistaurin (10 and 400 nM) dose not alter the endothelial expression of adhesion molecules or modify endothelial cell growth [2] . Ruboxistaurin (LY333531; 10 nM) reduces high-glucose (HG)-induced human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs) viability, and inhibits the increases in swiprosin-1 in HRGECs incubated with HG [3] .
MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Ruboxistaurin (1 mg/kg; 8 weeks) markedly reduces GEC apoptosis as well as swiprosin-1 upregulation, and ameliorates renal glomerular injury in the diabetic mice. Ruboxistaurin also potently attenuates the expression of PARP, cleaved-caspase9, cleaved-caspase3, and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, in diabetic mice [3] . Ruboxistaurin (0.1, 1.0, or 10.0 mg/kg; p.o.) dramatically reduces the number of leukocytes trapped in the retinal microcirculation of diabetic rats [4] .
MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
| Animal Model: | Rats [4] |
| Dosage: | 0.1, 1.0, or 10.0 mg/kg |
| Administration: | P.o. |
| Result: | Dramatically reduced the number of leukocytes trapped in the retinal microcirculation of diabetic rats. |
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date | Phase |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT00190970 | Chromaderm, Inc. |
Diabetic Neuropathy
|
October 2004 | Phase 2 |
| NCT00482976 | Chromaderm, Inc.|Joslin Diabetes Center |
Diabetes Mellitus
|
December 2003 | Phase 2 |
| NCT00044148 | Chromaderm, Inc. |
Diabetic Nephropathy
|
July 16, 2002 | Phase 2 |
| NCT00604383 | Chromaderm, Inc. |
Diabetic Retinopathy
|
March 2001 | Phase 3 |
| NCT00090519 | Chromaderm, Inc. |
Diabetic Retinopathy
|
February 2004 | Phase 3 |
| NCT02769611 | University of Tennessee|The Christ Hospital |
Heart Failure
|
June 28, 2017 | Phase 1|Phase 2 |
| NCT00044395 | Eli Lilly and Company |
Diabetic Neuropathies|Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent|Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
July 2002 | Phase 3 |
| NCT00761852 | Brigham and Women´s Hospital|Eli Lilly and Company |
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus|Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
|
May 1999 | Phase 2|Phase 3 |
| NCT00297401 | Chromaderm, Inc.|Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada |
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
|
March 2006 | Phase 3 |
| NCT00044421 | Eli Lilly and Company |
Diabetic Neuropathies|Diabetes Mellitus
|
July 2002 | Phase 3 |
| NCT00133952 | Chromaderm, Inc. |
Diabetic Macular Edema
|
August 2005 | Phase 3 |
| NCT00266695 | Chromaderm, Inc. |
Diabetic Retinopathy
|
January 2006 | Phase 3 |
| NCT00552227 | Chromaderm, Inc. |
Diabetes Mellitus
|
September 2002 | Phase 1 |
| NCT00044408 | Chromaderm, Inc. |
Diabetic Neuropathies|Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent|Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
July 2002 | Phase 3 |
Solid
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
| Powder | -20°C | 3 years |
|---|---|---|
| 4°C | 2 years | |
| In solvent | -80°C | 6 months |
| -20°C | 1 month |
DMSO : 25 mg/mL ( 53.36 mM ; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)
| Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
|---|
| 1 mM | 2.1342 mL | 10.6712 mL | 21.3424 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.4268 mL | 2.1342 mL | 4.2685 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.2134 mL | 1.0671 mL | 2.1342 mL |