[CAS NO. 61281-38-7]  Schisandrin A

Schisandrin A significantly suppresses the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of the key pro-inflammatory mediators nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 by suppressing the expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 at the mRNA and protein levels in RAW 264.7 macrophages. It is demonstrated to reduce the LPS-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β; this is accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in the respective mRNA and protein levels in the macrophages. In addition, the LPS- induced translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), as well as activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathways are inhibited by schisandrin A. These results suggest that schisandrin A has a protective effect against LPS-induced inflammatory and oxidative responses in RAW 264.7 cells by inhibiting the NF-κB, MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways. Schisandrin A possesses anti-inflammatory activities and excellent Nrf2-induction or ROS-scavenging abilities. Schisandrin A can inhibit the replication of four serotypes of DENV in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with an effective half-maximal effective concentration 50% (EC50) value of 28.1 ± 0.42 μM against DENV serotype type 2 without significant cytotoxicity.