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[CAS NO. 1069-66-5] Valproic acid sodium

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Catalog:	HY-10585A
Brand:	MCE
CAS:	1069-66-5

Overview

MDL	MFCD00078604
Molecular Weight	166.19
Molecular Formula	C8H15NaO2
SMILES	O=C(O[Na])C(CCC)CCC

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

24 Publications Citing Use of MCE

[1]Sci Adv. 2021 Aug 11;7(33):eabf4416.
[2]Biomaterials. 2018 Dec 6;193:30-46.
[3]EMBO J. 2021 Apr 28;e106771.
[4]Oncogene. 2021 Apr;40(15):2711-2724.
[5]Sci Total Environ. 2021, 147014.
[6]Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2020 Jun 17.
[7]Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2022 Jun 14;241:113752.
[8]Biotechnol Bioeng. 2021 Sep 3.
[9]Phytomedicine. 19 August 2022, 154403.
[10]J Biol Chem. 2023 Jan 31;102971.
[11]Sci Rep. 2020 Sep 16;10(1):15201.
[12]Toxicol Lett. 2021 Apr 24;346:47-56.
[13]Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech. 2020 Sep;1863(9):194597.
[14]Clin Dev Immunol. 2020 Aug 4;2020:4384696.
[15]BMC Cancer. 2022 Aug 8;22(1):864.
[16]Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2022.
[17]J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2021 Dec;41(12):439-449.
[18]Lett Drug Des Discover. 2019 Nov.
[19]STAR Protoc. 16 September 2022, 101638.
[20]Research Square Preprint. 2022 Jul.
[21]Brain Science Advances. 2022 Feb.
[22]Research Square Preprint. 2022 Jan.
[23]Mil Med Res. 2020 Nov 1;7(1):52.
[24]Mil Med Res. 2020 Sep 6;7(1):42.

Summary

Valproic acid (Sodium Valproate) sodium is an orally active HDAC inhibitor, with IC ₅₀ in the range of 0.5 and 2 mM, also inhibits HDAC1 ( IC ₅₀ , 400 μM), and induces proteasomal degradation of HDAC2 . Valproic acid sodium activates Notch1 signaling and inhibits proliferation in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. Valproic acid sodium is used in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder, metabolic disease , HIV infection and prevention of migraine headaches ^[1] ^[2] ^[3] ^[4] ^[5] ^[6] ^[7] .

IC50 & Target

HDAC1

400 μM (IC ₅₀ )

HDAC

0.5-2 mM (IC ₅₀ )

HDAC2

Autophagy

Mitophagy

In Vitro

Valproic acid (VPA) (0-15 mM; 24 and 72 h) inhibits Hela cell growth in a dose- and time- dependent manner ^[1] .
Valproic acid (10 mM; 24 h) significantly attenuates the activities of total, cytosol and nuclear HDACs ^[1] .
Valproic acid (0-15 mM; 24 h) induces a G1 phase arrest at 1–3 mM and a G2/M phase arrest at 10 mM, and increases the percentage of sub-G1 cells in HeLa cells. Valproic acid also induces necrosis, apoptosis and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release ^[1] .
Valproic acid (0-20 mM; 24 h) activates Tcf/Lef-dependent transcription and synergizes with lithium ^[2] .
Valproic acid (0-5 mM; 0-18 h) increases β-catenin levels in Neuro2A cells ^[2] .
Valproic acid (0-2 mM; 0-24 h) stimulates phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC in hepatocytes ^[5] .
Valproic acid (0-10 mM; 2 days) induces Notch1 signaling and morphologic differentiation, suppresses production of NE tumor markers in SCLC cells ^[6] .

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Viability Assay ^[1]

Cell Line:	HeLa cells
Concentration:	0, 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 mM
Incubation Time:	24 and 72 h
Result:	HeLa cell growth was dose- and time-dependently decreased with an IC ₅₀ of ~10 and 4 mM at 24 and 72 h.

Western Blot Analysis ^[1] ^[2] ^[5]

Cell Line:	HeLa cells, Neuro2A cells or primary mouse hepatocytes
Concentration:	10 mM (HeLa); 0, 2, and 5 mM (Neuro2A); 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 2 mM (hepatocytes)
Incubation Time:	24 h (HeLa); 0-18 h (Neuro2A); 0-24 h (hepatocytes)
Result:	Increased the form of acetylated histone 3. Reduced PARP, induced cleavage PARP, and downregulated Bcl-2. Increased β-catenin levels. Increased the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC.

Cell Cycle Analysis ^[1]

Cell Line:	HeLa cells
Concentration:	0, 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 mM
Incubation Time:	24 h
Result:	Induced a G1 phase arrest at 1–3 mM, significantly induced a G2/M phase arrest at 10 mM, and increased the percentage of sub-G1 cells in HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner at 24 h.

In Vivo

Valproic acid (VPA) (500 mg/kg; i.p.; daily for 12 days) inhibits tumor angiogenesis in mice transplanted with Kasumi-1 cells ^[3] .
Valproic acid (350 mg/kg; i.p.; once) enhances social behavior in rats ^[4] .
Valproic acid (0.26% (w/v); p.o. via drinking water; 14 days) decreases liver mass, hepatic fat accumulation, and serum glucose in obese mice without hepatotoxicity ^[5] .

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:	Female BALB/c nude mice, Kasumi-1 tumor model ^[3]
Dosage:	500 mg/kg
Administration:	Intraperitoneal injection, daily for 12 days
Result:	Inhibited tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis. Inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of VEGF, VEGFR2 and bFGF. Inhibited HDAC activity and increased acetylation of histone H3. Enhanced the accumulation of hyperacetylated histone H3 on VEGF promoters.

Animal Model:	Timed-pregnant Long Evans rats ^[4]
Dosage:	350 mg/kg
Administration:	Intraperitoneal injection, once
Result:	Demonstrated more social investigation and play fighting than control animals.

Animal Model:	Obese phenotype of ob/ob mice ^[5]
Dosage:	0.26% (w/v)
Administration:	Oral via drinking water, 14 days
Result:	Revealed a marked reduction in the accumulation of fats in the liver as compared with the untreated mice, significantly decreased liver mass to body mass, decreased serum triglyceride concentrations, and did not induce hepatotoxicity.

Clinical Trial

NCT Number	Sponsor	Condition	Start Date	Phase
NCT02872428	Dr. Hasan Alam\|University of Michigan	Shock,Hemorrhagic\|Trauma	November 2016	Phase 1
NCT02068586	Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University\|Pfizer\|Thomas Jefferson University	Ciliary Body and Choroid Melanoma, Medium+Large Size\|Ciliary Body and Choroid Melanoma, Small Size\|Iris Melanoma\|Stage I Intraocular Melanoma\|Stage IIA Intraocular Melanoma\|Stage IIB Intraocular Melanoma\|Stage IIIA Intraocular Melanoma\|Stage IIIB Intraocular Melanoma\|Stage IIIC Intraocular Melanoma	November 19, 2014	Phase 2
NCT04310176	National Cancer Institute, Naples	Ras-mutated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer	May 24, 2019	Phase 2
NCT02124174	Patrick Stiff\|Loyola University	Acute Myelogenous Leukemia AML\|Myelodysplastic Syndrome MDS	January 2012	Phase 2
NCT00075010	M.D. Anderson Cancer Center\|Eisai Inc.	Leukemia\|Myelodysplastic Syndromes	January 23, 2004	Phase 1\|Phase 2
NCT04531579	Westat\|United States Department of Defense\|Clinipace Worldwide	Acute Kidney Injury\|Ischemia Reperfusion Injury	January 2022	Phase 2
NCT00374075	University of Utah\|Families of Spinal Muscular Atrophy\|Leadiant Biosciences, Inc.\|Abbott	Spinal Muscular Atrophy	September 2003	Phase 1
NCT00084981	National Cancer Institute (NCI)	Recurrent Non-small Cell Lung Cancer\|Stage IV Non-small Cell Lung Cancer	April 2004	Phase 1
NCT00439673	Gruppo Italiano Malattie EMatologiche dell´Adulto	Myelodysplastic Syndromes	May 2007	Phase 2
NCT00181220	Johns Hopkins University\|National University Hospital of Singapore	Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma	April 2004	Phase 1
NCT00481013	University of Utah\|Families of Spinal Muscular Atrophy\|Abbott	Spinal Muscular Atrophy	July 2007	Phase 2
NCT01552434	M.D. Anderson Cancer Center\|National Cancer Institute (NCI)	Advanced Malignant Neoplasm\|Castleman Disease\|Digestive System Carcinoma\|Erdheim-Chester Disease\|Lip and Oral Cavity Carcinoma\|Lymphangioleiomyomatosis\|Malignant Endocrine Neoplasm\|Malignant Female Reproductive System Neoplasm\|Malignant Male Reproductive System Neoplasm\|Malignant Neoplasm\|Malignant Respiratory Tract Neoplasm\|Malignant Thoracic Neoplasm\|Malignant Urinary System Neoplasm\|Mesothelial Neoplasm\|Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm\|Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma\|Neurofibromatosis Type 2\|Recurrent Adult Soft Tissue Sarcoma\|Recurrent Breast Carcinoma\|Recurrent Childhood Soft Tissue Sarcoma\|Recurrent Digestive System Carcinoma\|Recurrent Female Reproductive System Carcinoma\|Recurrent Male Reproductive System Carcinoma\|Recurrent Malignant Neoplasm\|Recurrent Pharyngeal Carcinoma\|Recurrent Thyroid Gland Carcinoma\|Refractory Malignant Neoplasm\|Soft Tissue Neoplasm\|Stage III Breast Cancer AJCC v7\|Stage III Pharyngeal Cancer\|Stage IIIA Breast Cancer AJCC v7\|Stage IIIB Breast Cancer AJCC v7\|Stage IIIC Breast Cancer AJCC v7\|Stage IV Breast Cancer AJCC v6 and v7\|Stage IV Pharyngeal Cancer\|Stage IVA Pharyngeal Cancer\|Stage IVB Pharyngeal Cancer\|Stage IVC Pharyngeal Cancer\|Thyroid Gland Neoplasm	March 16, 2012	Phase 1
NCT03048084	Leiden University Medical Center\|Medical Center Haaglanden\|Erasmus Medical Center\|Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc	Glioma	February 1, 2018	Phase 4
NCT02761291	Chang Gung Memorial Hospital\|TTY Biopharm	Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma	May 2016	Phase 1
NCT03385525	Biogen	Drug Interaction	September 12, 2017	Phase 1
NCT00609245	Vanderbilt University Medical Center\|Abbott	Photosensitive Epilepsy	December 2007	Phase 4
NCT00302159	National Cancer Institute (NCI)\|National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)	High Grade Gliomas\|Brain Tumors	March 2006	Phase 2
NCT02520115	Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute\|National Cancer Institute (NCI)	Adnexal Mass\|Borderline Ovarian Epithelial Tumor\|Ovarian Clear Cell Tumor\|Ovarian Endometrioid Tumor\|Ovarian Neoplasm\|Ovarian Serous Tumor\|Recurrent Ovarian Carcinoma	August 2015	Phase 1
NCT03525730	Erasmus Medical Center	HIV-1-infection	April 18, 2018	Phase 1\|Phase 2
NCT00382590	M.D. Anderson Cancer Center	Acute Myelogenous Leukemia\|Myelodysplastic Syndrome\|Leukemia	August 2005	Phase 2
NCT02374567	Hannover Medical School	Dementia\|Depression\|Schizophrenia\|Psychosomatic Disorders\|Anxiety Disorders	January 2015	Phase 3
NCT02789813	Prof. Dominique de Quervain, MD\|University of Basel	Phobia, Specific	July 2016	Phase 2
NCT00312546	University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill	HIV Infections	June 2006	Phase 1
NCT00681980	University of Sao Paulo	Paraparesis Spastic Tropical	February 2008	Phase 3
NCT02456454	Nationwide Children´s Hospital\|Stanley Medical Research Institute	Bipolar Disorder	January 2006	Phase 3
NCT00246103	H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute\|National Cancer Institute (NCI)\|Pfizer	Neoplasms, Advanced	March 2004	Phase 1
NCT01073059	Chonbuk National University	Healthy	August 2009	Phase 1
NCT02896270	Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel	Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome\|Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis\|Minimal Change Disease	October 2016	Phase 2\|Phase 3
NCT01695122	Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo\|University of Sao Paulo	Head and Neck Cancer\|Oral Cavity Cancer\|Oropharyngeal Cancer	September 2012	Phase 2
NCT01030094	Janssen Korea, Ltd., Korea	Seizures\|Convulsions\|Epilepsy\|Osteopenia\|Osteoporosis	February 2007
NCT03914534	Tecnoquimicas	Healthy	April 17, 2017	Phase 4
NCT00854581	University of Miami\|National Cancer Institute (NCI)	Lymphoma\|Precancerous+Nonmalignant Condition	November 2007	Phase 4
NCT02870283	Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul	Bipolar Disorder	May 2010	Phase 4
NCT01586208	Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge\|Hospital Vall d´Hebron\|Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital\|Institut d´Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta\|Hospital Clinic of Barcelona	Grand Mal Status Epilepticus\|Non-convulsive Status Epilepticus	January 2010	Phase 3
NCT00211250	Joliet Center for Clinical Research\|Abbott	Mood Disorder	July 2005	Phase 4
NCT00227266	University of Utah\|Families of Spinal Muscular Atrophy\|Leadiant Biosciences, Inc.\|Abbott	Spinal Muscular Atrophy	September 2005	Phase 2
NCT01333631	Soroka University Medical Center	Pancreatic Cancer	June 2011	Phase 2
NCT00495872	M.D. Anderson Cancer Center	Solid Tumors	June 2007	Phase 1
NCT03357757	AHS Cancer Control Alberta\|EMD Serono	Cancer That is Associated With a Chronic Viral Infection\|p16 Positive SCCHN\|Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix\|p16 Positive Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Vagina or Vulva\|p16 Positive Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis\|p16 Positive Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anus or Anal Canal\|EBER Positive NPC\|EBER Positive Hodgkins and Non-hodgkins Lymphona	February 7, 2018	Phase 2
NCT00563992	New York State Psychiatric Institute\|National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)	Bipolar Disorder	January 2001	Phase 1
NCT01007695	University of Utah	Cancer	May 2010	Phase 1
NCT00004758	National Center for Research Resources (NCRR)\|National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)\|University of California, Los Angeles\|Office of Rare Diseases (ORD)	Spasms, Infantile\|Epilepsy	November 1993	Phase 2
NCT00614458	University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill\|National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)\|Abbott\|Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC	HIV Infections	April 2007	Phase 2
NCT01548066	Seoul National University Hospital\|Amorepacific Corporation	Androgenetic Alopecia\|Male Pattern Baldness	September 2011	Phase 2
NCT00326170	M.D. Anderson Cancer Center\|Celgene Corporation	Myelodysplastic Syndrome\|Acute Myelogenous Leukemia	July 2005	Phase 2
NCT00661453	University of Utah\|Families of Spinal Muscular Atrophy\|Leadiant Biosciences, Inc.	Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type I	April 2008	Phase 1\|Phase 2
NCT00437957	H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute\|Schering-Plough	Brain Metastases	December 2006	Phase 1
NCT03196466	Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris	Epilepsy	June 19, 2017
NCT01898104	National Cancer Institute, Naples	Colorectal Cancer	May 2012	Phase 1\|Phase 2
NCT01182285	National Cancer Institute (NCI)\|National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)	Thyroid Neoplasm	September 24, 2010	Phase 2
NCT00996060	New Mexico Cancer Care Alliance	Lung Cancer	July 2008	Phase 1
NCT00759824	European Lung Cancer Working Party	Small Cell Lung Carcinoma	September 2008	Phase 2
NCT01817751	Virginia Commonwealth University\|National Cancer Institute (NCI)	Glioblastoma\|Recurrent Adult Brain Neoplasm\|Malignant Glioma\|WHO Grade III Glioma	April 11, 2013	Phase 2
NCT00000629	National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)	HIV Infections		Phase 1
NCT02608736	Barretos Cancer Hospital	Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma	December 2015	Early Phase 1
NCT01011998	New Mexico Cancer Care Alliance	Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia	September 2009	Phase 2
NCT01738815	State University of New York - Upstate Medical University	Hematuria\|Bladder Cancer	December 2011	Early Phase 1
NCT00289952	McGill University Health Centre+Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre\|Canadian Foundation for AIDS Research (CANFAR)\|CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network	HIV Infections	June 2006	Phase 2
NCT02893371	University of New Mexico\|Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute\|Montana State University\|National Alliance on Mental Illness Montana\|CGStat LLC\|Risk Benefit Statistics LLC\|National Alliance on Mental Illness New Mexico\|National Alliance on Mental Illness Westside Los Angeles	Bipolar Disorder	September 2016
NCT00079378	National Cancer Institute (NCI)	Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With 11q23 (MLL) Abnormalities\|Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Del(5q)\|Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Inv(16)(p13;q22)\|Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With t(15;17)(q22;q12)\|Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With t(16;16)(p13;q22)\|Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With t(8;21)(q22;q22)\|Recurrent Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia\|Recurrent Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma\|Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia\|Untreated Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia	February 2004	Phase 1
NCT00519181	University Hospital Pierre Zobda-Quitman	HTLV-I-Associated Myelopathy	March 2006	Not Applicable
NCT00496444	M.D. Anderson Cancer Center\|Celgene Corporation	Advanced Cancers	May 2005	Phase 1
NCT04486092	National Cheng-Kung University Hospital	Bipolar Disorder	February 2015	Not Applicable
NCT00175812	University of Bergen	Acute Myelogenous Leukemia	November 2004	Phase 1\|Phase 2
NCT00075777	AIDS Malignancy Consortium\|National Cancer Institute (NCI)\|The Emmes Company, LLC	Sarcoma	February 2005	Not Applicable
NCT00810680	All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi	Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia	September 2008	Not Applicable
NCT00109824	National Cancer Institute (NCI)	Recurrent Adult Burkitt Lymphoma\|Recurrent Adult Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma\|Recurrent Mantle Cell Lymphoma	March 2006	Phase 1
NCT01203735	Soroka University Medical Center	Locally Advanced Inoperable Non-small-lung Cancer	February 2011	Phase 1\|Phase 2
NCT00088452	Children´s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati\|National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)	Childhood Absence Epilepsy\|Petit Mal Epilepsy\|Epilepsy\|Seizures	July 2004	Phase 3
NCT01900730	M.D. Anderson Cancer Center\|Inflammatory Breast Cancer Network Foundation	Breast Cancer	July 31, 2014	Phase 2
NCT03885154	Kimberly S Jones\|University of Kentucky	Migraine in Children	October 3, 2017	Phase 2
NCT01115959	Wolfson Medical Center	Post Cerebral Hemorrhage	February 2003	Phase 4
NCT01342692	Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris	MDS	June 2011	Phase 2
NCT00787930	Duke University	Bipolar Disorder	October 2005
NCT02343575	Stanford University	Hyperactive Delirium\|Mixed Delirium	January 2015	Phase 4
NCT03632915	University of Maryland, Baltimore	Acute Kidney Injury\|Renal Insufficiency\|Renal Failure\|Pharmacokinetics	November 20, 2017
NCT01960075	University of Virginia\|University of Michigan\|Medical University of South Carolina\|Children´s National Research Institute\|University of Minnesota\|National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)	Benzodiazepine Refractory Status Epilepticus	October 2015	Phase 3
NCT00995332	University of Bergen	Acute Myelogenous Leukemia	September 2009	Phase 1\|Phase 2
NCT00264680	GlaxoSmithKline	Epilepsy	October 1, 2003
NCT00530907	M.D. Anderson Cancer Center	Advanced Cancer	June 2007	Phase 1
NCT00670046	Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins\|National Cancer Institute (NCI)	Prostate Cancer	May 2008	Phase 2
NCT01106872	Mohammed M Milhem\|Genentech, Inc.\|University of Iowa	Sarcoma\|Soft Tissue Sarcoma\|Locally Advanced Sarcoma\|Unresectable Sarcoma\|Metastatic Sarcoma	September 2010	Phase 1
NCT00358319	H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute\|BioNumerik Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	Malignant Melanoma	March 2005	Phase 1\|Phase 2
NCT00529022	M.D. Anderson Cancer Center\|Celgene Corporation	Solid Tumors	August 2007	Phase 1
NCT00385710	Nantes University Hospital	Progressive Supranuclear Palsy	November 2006	Phase 2
NCT01016990	Auxilio Mutuo Cancer Center\|National Cancer Institute (NCI)	Leukemia\|Lymphoma	August 2009	Phase 2
NCT00298857	Northwell Health	Healthy\|Obesity\|Pharmacokinetics	March 2006	Phase 4
NCT01399515	Seoul National University Hospital	Retinitis Pigmentosa\|Retinal Diseases\|Eye Diseases\|Eye Disease, Hereditary\|Retinal Degeneration	March 2011	Phase 2
NCT04531592	Westat\|United States Department of Defense\|Clinipace Worldwide	Acute Kidney Injury\|Ischemia Reperfusion Injury	January 2022	Phase 2
NCT03885947	Alla Keyzner\|Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai	Hematological Malignancy\|Acute Leukemia in Remission\|Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Remission\|Myelodysplastic Syndromes\|Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma\|Hodgkin Lymphoma	February 21, 2019	Phase 1
NCT01295593	Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc- Université Catholique de Louvain	Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia	December 2010	Phase 1\|Phase 2
NCT02624128	National Cancer Institute, Naples	Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck	February 23, 2015	Phase 2
NCT03243461	University of Göttingen\|Deutsche Kinderkrebsstiftung\|Hannover Medical School	Glioblastoma WHO Grade IV\|Diffuse Midline Glioma Histone 3 K27M WHO Grade IV\|Anaplastic Astrocytoma WHO Grade III\|Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma\|Gliomatosis Cerebri	July 17, 2018	Phase 3
NCT01233609	Foundation Fighting Blindness\|United States Department of Defense	Retinitis Pigmentosa	November 2010	Phase 2
NCT01729598	Gregory Jicha, 323-5550\|University of Kentucky\|Kentucky Alzheimer´s Center	Alzheimer´s Disease	April 2012	Early Phase 1
NCT00879437	Baylor College of Medicine\|Cook Children´s Medical Center\|University of Oklahoma\|University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas\|The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio\|M.D. Anderson Cancer Center	Glial Cell Tumors\|Malignant Gliomas\|Glioblastoma Multiforme\|Anaplastic Astrocytoma\|Gliomatosis Cerebri\|Gliosarcoma\|Brainstem Glioma\|Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma	September 1, 2009	Phase 2
NCT00107458	Children´s Oncology Group\|National Cancer Institute (NCI)	Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors\|Unspecified Childhood Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific	May 2005	Phase 1
NCT00525135	University of California, San Francisco\|National Cancer Institute (NCI)	Head and Neck Cancer	August 2007	Phase 2
NCT01951560	Dr. Hasan Alam\|University of Michigan	Shock,Hemorrhagic	September 2013	Phase 1
NCT01928849	Duke University\|United States Department of Defense	Pain, Phantom\|Pain, Neuropathic	December 2013	Phase 2
NCT01674010	OPKO Health, Inc.\|Elan Pharmaceuticals	Bipolar 1 Disorder	August 2012	Phase 2
NCT04482764	Assiut University	Breathhold	January 30, 2017	Phase 1
NCT01861990	Medical University of South Carolina	Pediatric Brain Tumor\|Glioma\|Anaplastic Astrocytoma\|Medulloblastoma\|Glioblastoma	May 2013	Phase 1
NCT00414310	M.D. Anderson Cancer Center\|Eisai Inc.	Myelodysplastic Syndrome\|Acute Myelogenous Leukemia	December 2006	Phase 2
NCT02446431	Miller Children´s & Women´s Hospital Long Beach\|Children´s Hospital of Orange County	Solid Tumor	July 2014	Early Phase 1
NCT01204450	UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center\|National Cancer Institute (NCI)	Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors\|Neuroblastoma\|Sarcoma\|Unspecified Childhood Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific	November 2009	Phase 1
NCT04529954	Cerebral Therapeutics LLC	Focal Epilepsy	January 1, 2021	Phase 1\|Phase 2
NCT01010958	Columbia University	High Grade Sarcoma	October 2009	Phase 1
NCT00605657	Koneti Rao\|National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)	ALPS\|Hypersplenism\|Lymphadenopathy	January 2008	Phase 1\|Phase 2
NCT00524667	CancerCare Manitoba\|The Leukemia and Lymphoma Society	Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia	January 2008	Phase 2

Appearance

Solid

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

H ₂ O : 125 mg/mL ( 752.15 mM ; Need ultrasonic)

Preparing
Stock Solutions

Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	6.0172 mL	30.0860 mL	60.1721 mL
5 mM	1.2034 mL	6.0172 mL	12.0344 mL
10 mM	0.6017 mL	3.0086 mL	6.0172 mL

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent.

In Vivo:

1.

Add each solvent one by one: PBS

Solubility: 100 mg/mL (601.72 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

* All of the co-solvents are available by MCE.

References

[1] Han BR, et al. Valproic acid inhibits the growth of HeLa cervical cancer cells via caspase-dependent apoptosis. Oncol Rep. 2013 Dec;30(6):2999-3005.
[2] Valproic acid, et al. Histone deacetylase is a direct target of valproic acid, a potent anticonvulsant, mood stabilizer, and teratogen. J Biol Chem. 2001 Sep 28;276(39):36734-41.
[3] Zhang ZH, et al. Valproic acid inhibits tumor angiogenesis in mice transplanted with Kasumi 1 leukemia cells. Mol Med Rep. 2013 Nov 28.
[4] Cohen OS, et al. Acute prenatal exposure to a moderate dose of valproic acid increases social behavior and alters gene expression in rats. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2013 Dec;31(8):740-50.
[5] Avery LB, et al. Valproic Acid Is a Novel Activator of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase and Decreases Liver Mass, Hepatic Fat Accumulation, and Serum Glucose in Obese Mice. Mol Pharmacol. 2014 Jan;85(1):1-10.
[6] Platta CS, et al. Valproic acid induces Notch1 signaling in small cell lung cancer cells. J Surg Res. 2008 Jul;148(1):31-7.
[7] Routy JP, et al. Valproic acid in association with highly active antiretroviral therapy for reducing systemic HIV-1 reservoirs: results from a multicentre randomized clinical study. HIV Med. 2012 May;13(5):291-6.

Synonyms

Pentanoic acid, 2-propyl-, sodium salt (1:1)

Valeric acid, 2-propyl-, sodium salt

Pentanoic acid, 2-propyl-, sodium salt

Sodium dipropylacetate

Sodium α,α-dipropylacetate

Sodium bispropylacetate

Sodium valproate

Dipropylacetate sodium

Valproate sodium

Sodium 2-propylpentanoate

Epilim

Sodium 2-propylvalerate

Convulex

Orfiril

Valerin

KW 6066N

Depakene

Acediprol

Depakene syrup 8

Depakin

Depacon

Depakine chronosphere

Selenica R

Depakene R

Valpron

Vupral

Micropakine LP

Valproic acid sodium salt

VPA

Encorate

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