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[CAS NO. 52-67-5] Penicillamine
| Ships within | Stock | Price | Qty | Total |
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| Catalog: | HY-B0300 |
| Brand: | MCE |
| CAS: | 52-67-5 |
Overview
| MDL | MFCD00064302 |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 149.21 |
| Molecular Formula | C5H11NO2S |
| SMILES | N[C@H](C(C)(S)C)C(O)=O |
2 Publications Citing Use of MCE
Summary
Penicillamine (D-(-)-Penicillamine) is a penicillin metabolic degradation product, can be used as a heavy metal chelator. Penicillamine increases free copper and enhances oxidative stress. Penicillamine has effect of seizures through nitric oxide/NMDA pathways. Penicillamine is a potential immune modulator. Penicillamine can be used for the research of Wilson disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and cystinuria [1] [2] [3] [4] .
In Vitro
Penicillamine (D-(-)-Penicillamine) (5 mg; 7 d; CD4 + and CD + splenocytes) promotes cellular immune responses [3] .
MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Western Blot Analysis [3]
| Cell Line: | CD4 + and CD + splenocytes |
| Concentration: | 5 mg |
| Incubation Time: | 7 days |
| Result: | Increased IL-4 and IFN-γ mRNA expression in response to high dose treatment and remained high in both CD4 + and CD + splenocytes. |
In Vivo
Penicillamine (D-(-)-Penicillamine) (200 mg/kg; i.g.; daily, for 3, 10 and 14 d; tx mice and DL mice) increases serum free copper concentration
[1]
.
Penicillamine (200 mg/kg; i.g.; daily, for 3, 10 and 14 d; tx mice and DL mice) increases ATP7A and CTR1 mRNA expression in the brain of tx mice
[1]
.
Penicillamine (200 mg/kg; i.g.; daily, for 3, 10 and 14 d; tx mice and DL mice) induces oxidative-stress in the central nervous system
[1]
.
Penicillamine (0.1-250 mg/kg; i.p.; once, for 90 min; male NMRI mice) has binaural phase effect on seizure
[2]
.
Penicillamine (5 mg/kg; i.v.; daily, for 8 weeks; male BN rats) prevents the onset of autoimmunity at a low dose
[3]
.
MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
| Animal Model: | Toxic milk mutant mice (tx mice) and DL mice [1] |
| Dosage: | 200 mg/kg |
| Administration: | Oral gavage; daily, for 3, 10 and 14 days |
| Result: | Increased the free copper concentrations in the tx mice serum on the 3rd day. |
| Animal Model: | Toxic milk mutant mice (tx mice) and DL mice [1] |
| Dosage: | 200 mg/kg |
| Administration: | Oral gavage; daily, for 3, 10 and 14 days |
| Result: | Increased the mRNA expression of ATP7A by 4-fold. Increased CTR1 mRNA expression by 6.9-fold in the cortex and 9.1-fold in the basal ganglia of tx mice. |
| Animal Model: | Toxic milk mutant mice (tx mice) and DL mice [1] |
| Dosage: | 200 mg/kg |
| Administration: | Oral gavage; daily, for 3, 10 and 14 days |
| Result: | Increased the concentration of MDA and decreased GSH/GSSG ratios through nitric oxide/NMDA pathways. |
| Animal Model: | Male NMRI mice [2] |
| Dosage: | 0.1, 0.5, 1, 10, 100, 150 and 250 mg/kg |
| Administration: | Intraperitoneal injection; once, for 90 minutes |
| Result: | Had anticonvulsant effects at a low dose (0.5 mg/kg) and had anticonvulsant effects at a high dose (250 mg/kg). Reversed the anti- and proconvulsant effects by acute pretreatment of L-NAME (a nonselective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) and 7-NI (a selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor). |
| Animal Model: | Male BN rats [3] |
| Dosage: | 5 mg/kg |
| Administration: | Intravenous injection; daily, for 8 weeks |
| Result: | Inhibited IgE upregulation and prevented the onset of autoimmunity. |
Clinical Trial
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date | Phase |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01374282 | Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC |
Scleroderma
|
||
| NCT00003751 | Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins|National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors
|
March 1999 | Phase 2 |
| NCT03957720 | Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University |
Wilson´s Disease
|
March 15, 2019 | Early Phase 1 |
| NCT03539952 | Orphalan |
Wilson Disease
|
June 4, 2018 | Phase 3 |
Appearance
Solid
Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
| Powder | -20°C | 3 years |
|---|---|---|
| 4°C | 2 years | |
| In solvent | -80°C | 6 months |
| -20°C | 1 month |
Solvent & Solubility
H 2 O : 125 mg/mL ( 837.75 mM ; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)
DMSO : 1.43 mg/mL ( 9.58 mM ; Need ultrasonic)
Stock Solutions
| Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
|---|
| 1 mM | 6.7020 mL | 33.5098 mL | 67.0196 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.3404 mL | 6.7020 mL | 13.4039 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.6702 mL | 3.3510 mL | 6.7020 mL |
-
1.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 100 mg/mL (670.20 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
References
- [1] Chen DB, et, al. Penicillamine increases free copper and enhances oxidative stress in the brain of toxic milk mice. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e37709.
- [2] Rahimi N, et, al. Effects of D-penicillamine on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice: involvement of nitric oxide/NMDA pathways. Epilepsy Behav. 2014 Oct;39:42-7.
- [3] Masson MJ, et, al. Tolerance induced by low dose D-penicillamine in the brown Norway rat model of drug-induced autoimmunity is immune-mediated. Chem Res Toxicol. 2004 Jan;17(1):82-94.
- [4] Ishak R, et, al. Penicillamine revisited: historic overview and review of the clinical uses and cutaneous adverse effects. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2013 Jun;14(3):223-33.
Synonyms
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