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[CAS NO. 6398-98-7] Amodiaquine dihydrochloride dihydrate

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Catalog:	HY-B1322
Brand:	MCE
CAS:	6398-98-7

Overview

MDL	MFCD09260307
Molecular Weight	464.81
Molecular Formula	C20H22ClN3O.2H2O.2HCl
SMILES	OC1=CC=C(NC2=CC=NC3=CC(Cl)=CC=C23)C=C1CN(CC)CC.Cl.Cl.O.O

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

6 Publications Citing Use of MCE

[1]Cell Rep. 2021 Apr 6;35(1):108959.
[2]Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021 Feb 10.
[3]Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2020 Feb 19;522(4):862-868.
[4]Metab Brain Dis. 2021 Jan 28.
[5]Biol Pharm Bull. 2022 Feb 3.
[6]Research Square Print. September 20th, 2022.

Summary

Amodiaquine dihydrochloride dihydrate (Amodiaquin dihydrochloride dihydrate), a 4-aminoquinoline class of antimalarial agent, is a potent and orally active histamine N-methyltransferase inhibitor. Amodiaquine dihydrochloride dihydrate is also a Nurr1 agonist and specifically binds to Nurr1-LBD (ligand binding domain) with an EC ₅₀ of ~20 μM. Anti-inflammatory effect ^[1] ^[2] ^[3] ^[4] .

IC50 & Target

EC50: ~20 μM (Nurr1-LBD (ligand binding domain)) ^[1]
Histamine N-methyltransferase ^[3]

In Vitro

Amodiaquine (10-20 μM; 4 hours) treatment suppresses LPS-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, interleukin-6, TNF-α and iNOS) in a dose-dependent manner ^[1] .
Amodiaquine (5 μM; 24 hours) significantly inhibits neurotoxin (6-OHDA-induced cell death in primary dopamine cells as examined by the number of TH ⁺ neurons and dopamine uptake. The neuroprotective effect of Amodiaquine is also observed in rat PC12 cells ^[1] .

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

RT-PCR ^[1]

Cell Line:	Primary microglia
Concentration:	10 µM, 15 µM, 20 µM
Incubation Time:	4 hours
Result:	Suppressed LPS-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, interleukin-6, TNF-α and iNOS) in a dose-dependent manner.

In Vivo

Amodiaquine (40 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection; daily; for 3 days; male ICR mice) treatment diminishes perihematomal activation of microglia/macrophages and astrocytes. Amodiaquine also suppresses ICH-induced mRNA expression of IL-1β, CCL2 and CXCL2, and ameliorated motor dysfunction of mice ^[2] .

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:	Male ICR mice (8-10 weeks of age) induced ntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) ^[2]
Dosage:	40 mg/kg
Administration:	Intraperitoneal injection; daily; for 3 days
Result:	Diminished perihematomal activation of microglia/macrophages and astrocytes.

Clinical Trial

NCT Number	Sponsor	Condition	Start Date	Phase
NCT02211729	London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine\|Malaria Research and Training Center, Bamako, Mali\|Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sante, Burkina Faso	Malaria\|Respiratory Infections	May 2014	Phase 3
NCT03923725	University of Oxford\|Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit	Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria (Uncomplicated)	September 1, 2020	Phase 3
NCT00127998	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\|Malaria Research and Training Center, Bamako, Mali	Malaria	July 2005	Not Applicable
NCT00563914	Sanofi	Malaria	October 2007	Phase 1\|Phase 2
NCT00164710	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\|Ministry of Health and Population, Malawi	Malaria, Falciparum	April 2005	Phase 4
NCT01378286	Sanofi	Malaria	January 2012	Phase 3
NCT02831023	University of California, San Francisco\|Malaria Research and Training Center, Bamako, Mali\|Radboud University Medical Center\|London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine\|Heidelberg University\|Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation	Malaria	July 2016	Phase 2
NCT05471544	Malaria Consortium	Malaria	July 18, 2022	Phase 3
NCT00356824	National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)	HIV Infections\|Malaria	November 2005
NCT00132548	London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine\|Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, Senegal\|Cheikh Anta Diop University, Senegal\|Ministry of Health, Senegal	Malaria	June 2004	Phase 3
NCT05550909	London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine	Malaria,Falciparum	October 17, 2022	Phase 2
NCT01328990	London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine\|Cheikh Anta Diop University, Senegal	Malaria	April 2011	Phase 1\|Phase 2
NCT03768908	Professor Anders Björkman\|Zanzibar Malaria Control Programme\|Karolinska Institutet	Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria	January 5, 2005	Phase 4
NCT00323622	GlaxoSmithKline	Malaria	April 2005	Phase 2
NCT00137514	Bandim Health Project	Malaria, Falciparum	March 2001	Phase 4
NCT01023399	Sanofi\|Medicines for Malaria Venture	Malaria	November 2009	Phase 4
NCT00376155	London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine\|Medical Research Council	Malaria	May 2006	Phase 4
NCT00550160	Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology\|Department for International Development, United Kingdom\|Malaria Consortium, UK\|Center for International Health and Development	Malaria	April 2007	Phase 4
NCT00354380	Heidelberg University	Malaria	September 2006	Phase 2
NCT00146718	London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine\|University of Yaounde	Malaria	August 2003	Phase 2\|Phase 3
NCT00894660	Pfizer	Falciparum Malaria	June 2009	Phase 1
NCT00118807	London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine\|Medical Research Council\|National Malaria Control Programme, The Gambia	Malaria	August 2003	Phase 3
NCT00529620	London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine\|Cheikh Anta Diop University, Senegal	Malaria	September 2007	Phase 3
NCT00316329	Sanofi	Malaria	March 2006	Phase 3
NCT03431714	National Institute for Medical Research, Tanzania\|Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences\|World Health Organization	Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria	July 14, 2017	Phase 4
NCT00261222	Heidelberg University\|Centre de Recherche en Sante de Nouna, Burkina Faso	Malaria	September 2005	Phase 2
NCT00164359	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\|Ministry of Health and Population, Malawi	Malaria, Falciparum	April 2005	Phase 4
NCT00944840	London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine	Malaria	September 2008	Phase 3
NCT00432367	London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine\|Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology	Malaria\|Anaemia\|Pregnancy	February 2007	Phase 3
NCT04149106	University Clinical Research Center, Mali\|Tulane University\|University of South Florida\|University of Copenhagen\|Deakin University\|Johns Hopkins University	Malaria,Falciparum	July 1, 2019	Phase 1
NCT01955382	National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)\|National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)	Malaria\|Severe Malaria	September 2013	Phase 2
NCT05081089	London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine	Malaria,Falciparum	October 12, 2021	Phase 2
NCT00465257	Karolinska University Hospital	Malaria	May 2007	Phase 4
NCT05478954	Malaria Consortium	Malaria	July 15, 2022	Phase 4
NCT00374205	Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine\|Presbyterian Health Service (PHS)\|Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research (KCCR)\|School of Medical Sciences Kumasi (SMS+KNUST)	Malaria, Falciparum	September 2006	Phase 4
NCT00157885	Menzies School of Health Research\|National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia\|Wellcome Trust\|National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia	Malaria, Falciparum\|Malaria, Vivax	July 2005	Not Applicable
NCT00852371	London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine\|Uganda Malaria Surveillance Project\|Ministry of Health, Uganda	Malaria\|Intermittent Preventive Treatment	February 2008	Phase 3
NCT04080895	University of Oxford\|Mahidol University\|Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit	Pharmacokinetic\|Healthy\|Drug Combination	November 1, 2022	Phase 1
NCT05354258	London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine\|Université de Thies, UFR Santé, Senegal	Malaria\|Soil Transmitted Helminths\|Schistosomiasis\|Integrated Control\|Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention\|Mass Drug Administration With Anthelminthic Drugs	June 16, 2022	Not Applicable
NCT01651416	Centre for Global Health Research, Ghana\|London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine	Malaria\|Anaemia	July 2012	Phase 4
NCT02696954	University of Oxford\|Mahidol University\|Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit	Pharmacokinetic\|Drug Combination\|Healthy	November 18, 2016	Phase 1\|Phase 2
NCT00146783	London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine\|Ministry of Health, Ghana	Malaria	June 2004	Phase 2\|Phase 3
NCT00612547	National Malaria Control Programme, Madagascar\|Population Services International\|Reggio Terzo Mondo\|Santé Net\|Inter Aide Santé,\|Adventist Development and Relief Agency\|SAF FJKM\|Sanofi\|Institut Pasteur de Madagascar	Fever\|Suspected Malaria	February 2008
NCT00111163	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\|Kenya Medical Research Institute\|Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation	Malaria\|Anemia	March 2004	Not Applicable
NCT00386503	Sanofi	Malaria	June 2006	Phase 1
NCT05323721	Malaria Consortium	Malaria	June 1, 2022	Phase 4
NCT01319448	London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine\|Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia\|Wellcome Trust\|University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital	Malaria\|Sickle Cell Crisis	September 2011	Phase 1\|Phase 2
NCT00712374	London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine\|Senegal: Ministere de la Sante\|Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement\|Cheikh Anta Diop University, Senegal	Malaria	September 2008	Phase 4
NCT01152931	University of Lagos, Nigeria	Malaria	August 2010	Phase 3
NCT00445796	Sanofi	Malaria	June 2005	Phase 4
NCT00146731	London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine\|National Institute for Medical Research, Tanzania	Malaria	January 2004	Phase 3
NCT03764527	Professor Anders Björkman\|Zanzibar Malaria Control Programme\|World Health Organization\|Karolinska Institutet	Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria	November 1, 2002	Phase 4
NCT04816461	Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sante, Burkina Faso	Malaria	July 2021	Phase 4
NCT00131703	London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine\|Ministry of Health, Ghana	Malaria\|Pregnancy	March 2003	Phase 3

Appearance

Solid

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 100 mg/mL ( 215.14 mM ; Need ultrasonic)

H ₂ O : 20 mg/mL ( 43.03 mM ; Need ultrasonic)

Preparing
Stock Solutions

Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	2.1514 mL	10.7571 mL	21.5142 mL
5 mM	0.4303 mL	2.1514 mL	4.3028 mL
10 mM	0.2151 mL	1.0757 mL	2.1514 mL

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent.

In Vivo:

1.

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO >> 40% PEG300 >> 5% Tween-80 >> 45% saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.38 mM); Clear solution
2.

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO >> 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.38 mM); Clear solution

* All of the co-solvents are available by MCE.

References

[1] Chun-Hyung Kim, et al. Nuclear receptor Nurr1 agonists enhance its dual functions and improve behavioral deficits in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Jul 14;112(28):8756-61.
[2] Keita Kinoshita, et al. A Nurr1 agonist amodiaquine attenuates inflammatory events and neurological deficits in a mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage. J Neuroimmunol. 2019 May 15;330:48-54.
[3] Akira Yokoyama, et al. Effect of amodiaquine, a histamine N-methyltransferase inhibitor, on, Propionibacterium acnes and lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatitis in mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 2007 Mar 8;558(1-3):179-84.
[4] M T HOEKENGA. The treatment of acute malaria with single oral doses of amodiaquin, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and pyrimethamine. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1954 Sep;3(5):833-8.

Synonyms

Phenol, 4-[(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)amino]-2-[(diethylamino)methyl]-, hydrochloride, hydrate (1:2:2)

o-Cresol, 4-[(7-chloro-4-quinolyl)amino]-α-(diethylamino)-, dihydrochloride, dihydrate

Phenol, 4-[(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)amino]-2-[(diethylamino)methyl]-, dihydrochloride, dihydrate

Amodiaquin dihydrochloride dihydrate

Amodiaquine dihydrochloride dihydrate

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