[CAS NO. ]  Gypenoside

Gypenoside（Gyp) has an activity of anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, antioxidative and anti-cancer actions. Gypenoside inhibited SW-480 cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Gyp is capable of exerting different alternative cytotoxicity in cancer cells and normal cells, which might be potentially useful as a cancer preventive or treatment agent. Gyp could cause cell membrane integrity damage, decrease the Δψm level, induce DNA fragmentation and initiate apoptotic response in SW-480 cells. ROS generated in SW-480 cells play an important role in Gyp induced cell death. Gyp induces microfilament network collapse and injures the cell shape and migration ability. It is reported that Gypenoside can induce neuroprotection against Aβ in vitro. Gypenoside attenuates Aβ-induced microglial activation, decreases the levels of microglial M1 state (classic activated state) markers, including iNOS protein expression, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 releases, and increases the levels of M2 markers, such as Arg-1 protein expression, IL-10, BDNF, and GDNF secretions from the cells. Gypenoside reduces the Aβ-induced microglial activation by shifting microglial M1 to M2 (alternative activated state) state, and the SOCS1 protein may mediate the process.